CHAPTER 11

                                       MUSCULAR TISSUE

Students should:

  1. Know the three types of muscle tissue
  2. Know the five universal characteristics of muscles
  3. Know the characteristics of skeletal muscle
  4. Know the structure of muscle fibers.
  5. Know what are myoblast, satellite cells, sarcolemma, transverse tubules, sarcoplasm, myofibrils and sarcoplasmic reticulum
  6. Know the role of glycogen and myoglobin
  7. know what are myofilaments and the three kinds of myofilaments.
  8. Know the thick filaments
  9. Know the thin filaments and F actin proteins, G actin  proteins and the role of tropomyosin on the active site of G actin protein.
  10.  Know the elastic filaments and the role of Titin and Z-disc
  11. Know the regulatory and contractile proteins and their functions
  12. Know the striations A band, I band,  H band and Z band and their roles.
  13. Know the somatic neurons and fibers.
  14. Know the term motor unit
  15. Know the anatomy of neuromuscular joint
  16. Know what is a : synapse, neuromuscular joint, synaptic knob, motor end plate, synaptic cleft, snaptic vesicles, Ach receptors
  17. Know the role of Acetylcholine (ACh) and Acetylcholine esterase
  18. Know the electrical excitability of cells and how they are polarized
  19. Know action potential and resting membrane potential
  20. Know the five steps to the excitation of muscle fiber
  21. Know the phenomenon of excitation and contraction coupling
  22. Know the phenomenon of contraction and sliding filament theory
  23. Know the roles of Myosin ATPase. How does power stroke and recovery strokes achieved
  24. Know muscle relaxation and muscle tone
  25. Know threshold, twitch, contraction, latent period, relaxation phase
  26. Know multiple motor unit summation, treppe, tetanus
  27. Know isotonic and isometric contraction
  28. Know the ATP sources
  29. Know the phosphatase system: Myosin kinase and creatine kinase
  30. Know the short term energy source and long term energy source
  31. Know fatigue and endurance
  32. Know what is oxygen debt
  33. Know the physiological classes of muscle fibers
  34. Know  a) slow oxidative fibers, slow twitch, red and type I fibers, b) fast glycolytic , fast twitch and white or type II fibers & c) intermediate fibers
  35. Know muscle strength and conditioning
  36. Know the characteristic of cardiac muscle
  37. Know the characteristics of smooth muscles, role of calmodulin and smooth muscle tone